Spotted Pardalote Click to enlarge image
Spotted Pardalote Image: Patrick Kavanagh
creative commons

Fast Facts

  • Classification
    Genus
    Pardalotus
    Species
    punctatus
    Family
    Pardalotidae
    Order
    Passeriformes
    Class
    Aves
    Subphylum
    Vertebrata
    Phylum
    Chordata
    Kingdom
    Animalia
  • Size Range
    8 cm to 10 cm

The Spotted Pardalote is sometimes known as the "Headache Bird" because of the continuous "sleep-may-be" call it gives during the breeding season.


What do Spotted Pardalotes look like?

Identification

The Spotted Pardalote is a tiny bird that is most often high in a eucalypt canopy, so it is more often detected by its characteristic call. The wings, tail and head of the male are black and covered with small, distinct white spots. Males have a pale eyebrow, a yellow throat and a red rump. Females are similar but have less-distinct markings.

The related Striated Pardalote, P. striatus, has a striped head rather than spotted, and lacks the spotting on the wings and has a plainer back.


Spotted Pardalote, <i>Pardalotus punctatus</i>
Spotted Pardalote, Pardalotus punctatus. Image: Ian Hearn
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/

Where do Spotted Pardalotes live?

Habitat

The Spotted Pardalote is mostly found in eucalypt forests and woodlands but occurs in parks and gardens with well-established eucalypt canopy.

Distribution

The Spotted Pardalote is found in eastern and southern Australia from Cooktown in Queensland through to Perth in Western Australia. It occurs in coastal areas, extending to the western slopes of the Great Dividing Range in the east.

Seasonality

Largely sedentary, but may undergo local seasonal movements away from higher elevations in autumn/winter.


Distribution data sourced from the Atlas of Living Australia

What do Spotted Pardalotes eat and how do they communicate?

Feeding and diet

The Spotted Pardalote forages on the foliage of trees for insects, especially psyllids, and sugary exudates from leaves and psyllids.

Communication

Repeated three-note whistle, the second two notes higher than the first.


How do Spotted Pardalotes mate?

Breeding behaviours

The Spotted Pardalote's nest is an enlarged, lined chamber at the end of narrow tunnel, excavated in an earth bank. Sometimes they nest in tree hollows and occasionally in artificial structures. Both parents share nest-building, incubation of the eggs and feeding of the young when they hatch.


Spotted Pardalote, <i>Pardalotus punctatus</i>
Spotted Pardalote, Pardalotus punctatus. Image: angelinbotanico
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/

  • Breeding season

    June to January

  • Clutch size

    4

  • Incubation

    19 days

  • Time in nest

    21 days


Are Spotted Pardalotes endangered?

Conservation status

The Spotted Pardalote remains relatively common in urban areas that have a high density of eucalypts. Nests have sometimes been found in carpet rolls and garage roll-a-doors.

Urban Requirements: A high density of eucalypts.


References

  • Simpson, K and Day, N. 1999. Field guide to the birds of Australia, 6th Edition. Penguin Books, Australia.
  • Rowland, P. 1996. A Photographic Guide to Birds of Australia. Australian Museum/New Holland.
  • Higgins, P.J. and J.M. Peter (eds) 2002. Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds, Volume 6: Pardalotes to Shrike-thrushes. Oxford University Press, Melbourne