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Water and sedimentary transport
https://australian.museum/learn/minerals/shaping-earth/water-and-sedimentary-processes/Water plays a vital role in most sedimentary processes. Pure water itself has little effect on rocks. It is the dissolved gases in water, particularly carbon dioxide, that cause the chemical decay of minerals and mineral dissolution.
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Limestone caves
https://australian.museum/learn/minerals/shaping-earth/limestone-caves/Caves form in limestone (calcium carbonate), and occasionally in dolomite (calcium magnesium carbonate), when water containing dissolved carbon dioxide (carbonic acid) seeps into rock crevices and joints.
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Earthquakes and tsunamis
https://australian.museum/learn/news/blog/earthquakes-and-tsunamis/What causes earthquakes and why do tsunamis often follow a large earthquake?
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Concretions, Thunder Eggs and Geodes
https://australian.museum/learn/minerals/shaping-earth/concretions-thunder-eggs-and-geodes/Concretions are compact, often rounded, accumulations of mineral matter that form inside sedimentary rocks such as shale and sandstone or in soil.
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Pyroclastic processes and materials
https://australian.museum/learn/dinosaurs/pyroclastic-processes-and-materials/Pyroclastic means 'fire broken' and is the term for rocks formed from fragments produced by volcanic explosions.
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Geological ore deposits
https://australian.museum/learn/minerals/geological-deposits/geological-ore-deposits/Geological ore deposits are of many different types and occur in all geological environments.
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Magma
https://australian.museum/learn/minerals/shaping-earth/magma/Magma is hot molten mobile rock. Igneous rocks form when magma cools and solidifies. Magmas come out of active volcanoes as lavas.
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Sedimentary processes
https://australian.museum/learn/minerals/shaping-earth/sedimentary-processes/Sediments are formed by the breakdown (both physical and chemical) of pre-existing rocks, which may be of igneous, metamorphic or sedimentary origin.
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Shaping the Earth
https://australian.museum/learn/minerals/shaping-earth/What makes the Earth unique? Where does it fit in the Solar System and, ultimately, the universe? Take a look inside the Earth and find out what it is made from and how it is structured. Look at the processes that shape the Earth.
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Jenolan Caves Minerals
https://australian.museum/learn/minerals/shaping-earth/mineralogy-collection-jenolan-caves-minerals/The Jenolan Caves are one of the premier tourist attractions of New South Wales. Nine caves are regularly shown to visitors, but several hundred of various sizes are known from the area.
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